The Bosque Education Guide: Education Standards
Social Studies : 2001 Content Standard, Benchmarks and Performance Standards
Strand: Geography
Strand: Geography |
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| Standard II: Students understand how physical, natural, and cultural processes influence where people live, the ways in which people live, and how societies interact with one another and their environments. | Activity Number* |
| K-4 Benchmark II-A: Understand the concept of location by using and constructing maps, globes, and other geographic tools to identify and derive information about people, places, and environments. | 13, 17, 26, 31 |
| 1 1. Understand maps and globes as representations of places and phenomena. | 31 |
| 3. Create, use, and describe simple maps to identify locations within familiar places (e.g., classroom, school, community, state). | 13, 17, 31 |
| 2 1. Use a variety of maps to locate specific places and regions. | 26, 31 |
| 2. Identify major landforms, bodies of water, and other places of significance in selected countries, continents, and oceans. | 31 |
| 4 1. Apply geographic tools of title, grid system, legends, symbols, scale, and compass rose to construct and interpret maps. | 31 |
| 3. Draw conclusions and make generalizations from geographic information and inquiry. | 31 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-A: Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills and perspectives and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues. | 13, 17, 18, 22, 23, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40 |
| 5 1. Make and use different kinds of maps, globes, charts, and databases. | 13, 22, 31, 32, 33 |
| 8. Identify and locate natural and man-made features of local, regional, state, national, and international locales. | 13, 22, 30, 31, 32 |
| 6 2. Draw complex and accurate maps from memory and interpret them to answer questions about the location of physical features. | 13, 36 |
| 7 2. Describe factors affecting location of human activities, including land use patterns in urban, suburban, and rural areas. | 13, 18, 31, 36, 40 |
| 8 1. Describe patterns and processes of migration and diffusion. | 22, 23 |
| 2. Provide a historic overview of patterns of population expansion into the West by the many diverse groups of people (e.g., Native Americans, European Americans, and others) to include movement into the Southwest along established settlement, trade, and rail routes. | 13, 17 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-A: Analyze and evaluate the characteristics and purposes of geographic tools, knowledge, skills, and perspectives, and apply them to explain the past, present, and future in terms of patterns, events, and issues. | 13, 22, 23, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 1. Evaluate and select appropriate geographic representations to analyze and explain natural and man-made issues and problems. | 13, 22, 31, 34, 35 |
| 2. Understand the vocabulary and concepts of spatial interaction, including an analysis of population distributions and settlements patterns. | 13, 22, 23, 24, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| K-4 Benchmark II-B: Distinguish between natural and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and patterns of change. | 5, 13, 17, 23, 31, 40 |
| K 1. Identify natural characteristics of places (e.g., climate, topography). | 5 |
| 1 1. Identify and classify characteristics of places as human or natural. | 5 |
| 2 1. Describe how climate, natural resources, and natural hazards affect activities and settlement patterns. | 5, 13, 17, 23 |
| 2. Explain how people depend on the environment and its resources to satisfy their basic needs. | 13, 30 |
| 3 1. Describe how human and natural processes can sometimes work together to shape the appearance of places (e.g., post-fire reforestation). | 5, 13, 17, 40 |
| 2. Explore examples of environmental and social changes in various regions. | 13, 40 |
| 4 1. Identify a region as an area with unifying characteristics (e.g., human, weather, agriculture, industry, natural characteristics). | 31 |
| 2. Describe the regions of New Mexico, the United States, and the Western Hemisphere. | 13, 31 |
| 3. Identify ways in which different individuals and groups of people view and relate to places and regions. | 13, 40 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-B: Explain the physical and human characteristics of places and use this knowledge to define regions, their relationships with other regions, and their patterns of change. | 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 5 1. Describe human and natural characteristics of places. | 2, 3, 4, 5, 11, 13, 18, 19, 22, 24, 34, 35, 36, 40 |
| 6 1. Explain how places change due to human activity. | 5, 13, 17, 18, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 3. Identify a region by its formal, functional, or perceived characteristics. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 4 |
| 7 1. Select and explore a region by its distinguishing characteristics. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 2. Describe the role of technology in shaping the characteristics of places. | 13, 17, 36, 40 |
| 4. Describe geographically based pathways of inter-regional interaction (e.g., Camino Real’s role in establishing a major trade and communication route in the New World, the significance of waterways). | 13, 17, 18, 36, 40 |
| 8 2. Describe political, population, and economic regions that result from patterns of human activity, using New Mexico as an example. | 13, 17, 18, 36, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-B: Analyze natural and man-made characteristics of worldwide locales; describe regions, their interrelationships, and patterns of change. | 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 1. Analyze the interrelationships among natural and human processes that shape the geographic connections and characteristics of regions, including connections among economic development, urbanization, population growth, and environmental change. | 13, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 2. Analyze how the character and meaning of a place is related to its economic, social, and cultural characteristics, and why diverse groups in society view places and regions differently. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| K-4 Benchmark II-C: Be familiar with aspects of human behavior and man-made and natural environments in order to recognize their impact on the past and present. | 2, 5, 11, 13, 17, 23, 29, 31, 34, 38, 40 |
| K 1. Identify family customs and traditions and explain their importance. | 38 |
| 2. Describe the natural characteristics of places (e.g., landforms, bodies of water, natural resources, and weather). | 2, 11, 13, 29, 31 |
| 1 1. Identify examples of and uses for natural resources in the community, state, and nation. | 13, 17, 23, 34 |
| 2 1. Identify ways in which people depend on natural and man-made environments including natural resources to meet basic needs. | 13, 17, 31, 40 |
| 3 1. Identify personal behaviors that can affect community planning. | 5 |
| 2. Identify ways in which people have modified their environments (e.g., building roads, clearing land for development, mining, and constructing towns and cities). | 5, 13, 17, 31, 38, 40 |
| 3. Describe the consequences of human modification of the natural environment (e.g., use of irrigation to improve crop yields, highways). | 5, 13, 17, 31, 38, 40 |
| 4 1. Explain how geographic factors have influenced people, including settlement patterns and population distribution in New Mexico, past and present. | 13, 17, 31, 40 |
| 2. Describe how environments, both natural and man-made, have influenced people and events over time, and describe how places change. | 13, 17, 40 |
| 3. Understand how visual data (e.g., maps, graphs, diagrams, tables, charts) organizes and presents geographic information. | 13, 31, 40 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-C: Understand how human behavior impacts man-made and natural environments, recognizes past and present results, and predicts potential changes. | 5, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40, 41 |
| 5 1. Describe how man-made and natural environments have influenced conditions in the past. | 5, 13, 17, 18, 24, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41 |
| 2. Identify and define geographic issues and problems from accounts of current events. | 5, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36 |
| 7 1. Explain how differing perceptions of places, people, and resources have affected events and conditions in the past. | 5, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36 |
| 2. Interpret and analyze geographic information obtained from a variety of sources (e.g., maps, directly witnessed and surveillanced photographic and digital data, symbolic representations [e.g., graphs, charts, diagrams, tables], personal documents, and interviews). | 5, 13, 17, 18, 21, 24, 31, 34, 35, 36 |
| 3. Recognize geographic questions and understand how to plan and execute an inquiry to answer them. | 13, 31, 36, 40 |
| 4. Explain a contemporary issue using geographic knowledge, tools, and perspectives. | 31, 34, 35 |
| 8 1. Explain and evaluate how changing perceptions of place and the natural environment have affected human behavior. | 13, 24, 33, 34, 36, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-C: Analyze the impact of people, places, and natural environments upon the past and present in terms of our ability to plan for the future. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 2. Compare and contrast how different viewpoints influence policy regarding the use and management of natural resources. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| K-4 Benchmark II-D: Understand how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems. | 13, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32 |
| K 1. Describe the Earth’s physical characteristics. | 13, 26, 30, 31, 32 |
| 1 1. Describe the Earth-Sun relationship and how it affects living conditions on Earth. | 10, 12, 16, 19 |
| 2 1. Describe the physical processes that affect the Earth’s features (e.g., weather, erosion). | 13, 26, 29, 30, 31 |
| 2. Identify characteristics of physical systems (e.g., water cycle). | 13, 29, 31, 40 |
| 3 1. Identify the components of the Earth’s biosystems and their makeup (e.g., air, land, water, plants, and animals). | 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 23, 29, 31, 40 |
| 2. Describe how physical processes shape features on the Earth’s surface. | 13, 26, 30, 31, 32 |
| 4 2. Describe the four provinces (plains, mountains, plateau, and basin and range) that make up New Mexico’s land surface (geographic conditions). | 26, 31 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-D: Explain how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems. | 4, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 5 1. Explain how the four provinces of New Mexico’s land surface (plains, mountains, plateau, and basin and range) support life. | 4, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 26, 27, 29 |
| 6 1. Describe how physical processes shape the environmental patterns of air, land, water, plants and animals. | 13, 18, 19, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 40 |
| 7 1. Explain how physical processes influence the formation and location of resources. | 13, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32 |
| 2. Use data to interpret changing patterns of air, land, water, plants, and animals. | 33, 34, 35 |
| 3. Explain how ecosystems influence settlements and societies. | 13, 17, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 8 1. Explain how human activities and physical processes influence change in ecosystems. | 13, 17, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-D: Analyze how physical processes shape the Earth’s surface patterns and biosystems. | 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 1. Analyze how the Earth’s physical processes are dynamic and interactive. | 13, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 33 |
| 2. Analyze the importance of ecosystems in understanding environments. | 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 22, 36, 38, 40 |
| 3. Explain and analyze how water is a scare resource in New Mexico, both in quantity and quality. | 13, 14, 17, 18, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40 |
| 4. Explain the dynamics of the four basic components of the Earth’s physical systems (atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere). | 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35 |
| K-4 Benchmark II-E Describe how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict. | 5, 13, 17, 31, 38, 39, 40 |
| 2 1. Describe how characteristics of culture affect behaviors and lifestyles. | 5 |
| 3 1. Describe how patterns of culture vary geographically. | 38, 39 |
| 3. Describe how cooperation and conflict affect neighborhoods and communities. | 13, 40 |
| 4 2. Describe how geographic factors influence the location and distribution of economic activities. | 13, 17, 31, 40 |
| 5. Describe how and why people create boundaries and describe types of boundaries. | 31 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-E: Understand how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict. | 13, 17, 18, 31, 36, 40 |
| 6 1. Explain how human migration impacted places, societies, and civilizations. | 13 |
| 3. Explain how cultures create a cultural landscape, locally and throughout the world, and how these landscapes change over time. | 13, 17, 18, 36, 40 |
| 7 1. Analyze New Mexico settlement patterns and their impact on current issues. | 13, 17, 18, 36, 40 |
| 2. Describe and analyze how the study of geography is used to improve our quality of life, including urban and environmental planning. | 31, 34, 35 |
| 8 1. Explain and describe how movement of people impacted and shaped western settlement of the United States (e.g., growth of towns and cities, affect upon native populations, railroads, livestock). | 13, 17, 18, 36, 40 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-E: Analyze and evaluate how economic, political, cultural, and social processes interact to shape patterns of human populations, and their interdependence, cooperation, and conflict. | 13, 17, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 1. Analyze the factors influencing economic activities (e.g., mining, ranching, agriculture, tribal gaming, tourism, high tech) that have resulted in New Mexico’s population growth. | 13, 17, 34, 36, 40 |
| 3. Analyze the interrelationships among settlement, migration, population-distribution patterns, landforms, and climates in developing and developed countries. | 13, 17, 22, 23, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 5. Analyze how cultures shape characteristics of a region. | 13, 17, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 6. Analyze how differing points of view and self-interest play a role in conflict over territory and resources (e.g., impact of culture, politics, strategic locations, resources). | 13, 36, 37, 40 |
| 7. Evaluate the effects of technology on the developments, changes to, and interactions of cultures. | 17 |
| K-4 Benchmark II-F: Describe how natural and man-made changes affect the meaning, use, distribution, and value of resources. | 1, 2, 5, 13, 17, 29, 31, 38, 40, 41 |
| K 1. Identify natural resources. | 1, 2, 13, 29, 31, 38, 40 |
| 1 1. Describe the role of resources in daily life. | 1, 2, 13, 29, 31, 40 |
| 2. Describe ways that humans depend upon, adapt to, and affect the physical environment. | 5, 13, 17, 31, 38, 40 |
| 2 1. Describe ways that people and groups can conserve and replenish natural resources. | 13, 40, 41 |
| 3 1. Identify the characteristics of renewable and nonrenewable resources. | 29 |
| 4 1. Identify the distributions of natural and man-made resources in New Mexico, the Southwest, and the United States. | 13, 17, 40 |
| 5-8 Benchmark II-F: Understand the effects of interactions between human and natural systems in terms of changes in meaning, use, distribution, and relative importance of resources. | 13, 17, 18, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 5 1. Understand how resources impact daily life. | 13, 18, 36, 40 |
| 6 1. Describe how human modifications to physical environments and use of resources in one place often lead to changes in other places. | 13, 17, 18, 31, 33, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 8 1. Describe the differing viewpoints that individuals and groups have with respect to the use of resources. | 13, 18, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 Benchmark II-F: Analyze and evaluate the effects of human and natural interactions in terms of changes in the meaning, use, distribution, and importance of resources in order to predict our global capacity to support human activity. | 3, 4, 5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 9-12 1. Compare the ways man-made and natural processes modify the environment and how these modifications impact resource allocations. | 3, 4, 5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
| 2. Analyze how environmental changes bring about and impact resources. | 3, 4, 5, 13, 15, 16, 17, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40 |
